Dams are engineered structures specifically designed to obstruct or regulate the natural flow of water in rivers, streams, or other water bodies. The primary purpose of dams is to create reservoirs that serve a variety of essential functions, such as flood control, irrigation, drinking water supply, industrial water usage, and aquaculture for fish farming. Additionally, dams play a crucial role in generating hydroelectric power, harnessing the energy from flowing water to produce electricity.
Apart from their role in water storage, dams often work in conjunction with other complementary structures like floodgates or levees (also known as dikes). These combined efforts help manage and control the water flow in specific areas, ensuring the overall water management and safety of the surrounding regions.
In the state of Kerala, there are a total of 81 dams, each falling under the ownership of three different organizations: the Kerala State Electricity Board, the Kerala Irrigation Department, and the Kerala Water Authority. Out of these, the Kerala State Electricity Board possesses 59 dams, forming 45 reservoirs, while the Kerala Irrigation Department owns 20 dams that create 20 reservoirs. Additionally, the responsibility for 2 dams, forming 2 reservoirs, lies with the Kerala Water Authority. The Kollam district has only one major dam, the Thenmala Dam (Parappar Dam).
Thenmala Dam (Parappar Dam)
Parappar Dam or Thenmala Dam, is a significant landmark in Thenmala. It was built as part of the Kallada Irrigation and Tree Crop Development Project. This reservoir, which is surrounded by the beautiful Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, not only serves important irrigation purposes but also provides opportunities for boating activities.
The Thenmala Dam is the second largest irrigation project in Kerala, India. It creates the longest reservoir in the state, and the water from the reservoir is also used to generate electricity.
Construction of Thenmala Dam (Parappar Dam)
The Kallada Irrigation and Tree Crop development project was started in 1961 with an initial cost of Rs. 13.28 crores. The project was revised in 1999 with a cost of Rs. 728 crores, which is a 5,356% increase. The project was expected to irrigate 61,630 hectares (net) and 92,800 hectares (gross). However, the project was not completed and commissioned despite being prioritized during the Ninth Plan.
Tourist Attractions of Thenmala Dam
Located just one kilometer away from the popular Thenmala Ecotourism area, Parappar Dam has earned the nickname “Southern Thekkady” due to its resemblance to the famous Thekkady destination in the region. With its captivating lush surroundings and abundant water sources, Parappar offers an enchanting and breathtaking sight that leaves visitors in awe.
Now a prominent attraction and ecotourism destination in Thenmala, the area around Parappar Dam offers a delightful experience with boating activities available on the reservoir, surrounded by the natural beauty of the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary. The place boasts a range of facilities, including winding pathways, an amphitheatre, a sway bridge, and a musical fountain, all designed to enhance visitors’ enjoyment.
For a unique cultural experience, visitors can explore the traditional tree houses used by the tribal community in this region. Additionally, the reservoir provides more opportunities for boating, and there’s even a rope bridge to add a touch of adventure to your visit. Thrill-seekers will also appreciate the various trekking, mountaineering, and biking options available in the area.
Frequently Asked Questions on Dams in Kollam
1. What are dams, and what is their primary purpose?
Dams are engineered structures designed to obstruct or regulate the natural flow of water in rivers, streams, or other water bodies. Their primary purpose is to create reservoirs that serve various essential functions, such as flood control, irrigation, drinking water supply, industrial water usage, and aquaculture for fish farming. Dams also play a crucial role in generating hydroelectric power by harnessing the energy from flowing water to produce electricity.
2. How do dams work in conjunction with other structures?
Dams often work in conjunction with other complementary structures like floodgates or levees (also known as dikes). These combined efforts help manage and control water flow in specific areas, ensuring overall water management and safety for surrounding regions.
3. How many dams are there in Kerala, and who owns them?
Kerala has a total of 81 dams, each owned by three different organizations. The Kerala State Electricity Board possesses 59 dams, forming 45 reservoirs. The Kerala Irrigation Department owns 20 dams that create 20 reservoirs, while the Kerala Water Authority is responsible for 2 dams forming 2 reservoirs.
4. What is the major dam in Kollam district, Kerala?
The major dam in Kollam district, Kerala, is the Thenmala Dam, also known as Parappar Dam.
5. What is unique about Thenmala Dam (Parappar Dam)?
The Thenmala Dam is a significant landmark in Thenmala and was built as part of the Kallada Irrigation and Tree Crop Development Project. It serves essential irrigation purposes and offers opportunities for boating activities. It is the second largest irrigation project in Kerala and creates the longest reservoir in the state. Additionally, the water from the reservoir is used to generate electricity.
6. How was the Kallada Irrigation and Tree Crop Development Project funded?
The Kallada Irrigation and Tree Crop Development Project was started in 1961 with an initial cost of Rs. 13.28 crores. The project was later revised in 1999 with a cost of Rs. 728 crores, which is a 5,356% increase.
7. What are the tourist attractions of Thenmala Dam?
Located just one kilometer away from the popular Thenmala Ecotourism area, Parappar Dam is known as “Southern Thekkady” due to its resemblance to the famous Thekkady destination in the region. It offers captivating lush surroundings and abundant water sources, providing an enchanting and breathtaking sight that leaves visitors in awe.
8. What facilities and activities are available around Thenmala Dam?
The area around Parappar Dam offers a delightful experience with boating activities available on the reservoir, surrounded by the natural beauty of the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary. Visitors can enjoy winding pathways, an amphitheater, a sway bridge, and a musical fountain. There are also traditional tree houses used by the tribal community to explore for a unique cultural experience. Additionally, the reservoir provides more opportunities for boating, and there’s a rope bridge for added adventure. Thrill-seekers will also appreciate the various trekking, mountaineering, and biking options available in the area.
9. How is Thenmala Dam (Parappar Dam) contributing to ecotourism?
Thenmala Dam has become a prominent attraction and ecotourism destination in Thenmala, drawing visitors with its scenic beauty, diverse facilities, and engaging activities. The dam area, surrounded by the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, offers an ideal spot for eco-friendly tourism experiences.
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