Anamudi, located in the beautiful Western Ghats, is the crown jewel of South India. It is the highest peak on the Indian subcontinent outside the Himalayas, standing at an awe-inspiring elevation of 2,695 meters (8,842 feet). Anamudi has long captivated the hearts of adventurers, nature lovers, and spiritual seekers alike, thanks to its breathtaking views, diverse plant and animal life, and rich cultural heritage.
This article takes us on a journey to discover the allure of Anamudi, exploring its geology, geography, biodiversity, and the many opportunities it offers to experience a slice of nature’s grandeur.
Geography and Geology of Anamudi Peak
Anamudi peak stands among the distinguished trio of ultra-prominent peaks in South India, and it proudly holds the title of having the highest topographic isolation within India. As the loftiest point in India, south of the Himalayas, it has earned the moniker “Everest of South India”. Despite not being overly steep or boasting significant local relief, Anamudi is a remarkable fault-block mountain. Positioned at the junction of the Cardamom Hills, the Anaimalai Hills, and the Palani Hills in the southern region of the Eravikulam National Park, it is conveniently accessible from the nearby town of Munnar, situated about 13 kilometers (8 miles) away.
The journey to the summit of Anamudi presents a technically straightforward hike on grassy slopes, starting from a rolling hill plateau at approximately 2,000 meters (6,600 feet) above sea level. While the north and south slopes offer a gentle ascent, the east and west slopes feature steeper gradients with challenging rock faces.
Anamudi finds its place within the vast expanse of the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), a Neoproterozoic mobile belt, also referred to as the Pandyan Mobile Belt, which holds significant geological significance. This tectonic province encompasses an area of Archean rocks that experienced profound burial during the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Orogeny. The region became a part of the Mozambique Belt, where colossal Himalayan-scale mountains emerged when West and East Gondwana collided during the closure of the ancient Mozambique Ocean.
Anamudi is situated within a distinct geological subprovince of the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT) called the Madurai Province. This mountainous massif primarily comprises Neoproterozoic A-type granite, known as Munnar Granite. This granite formation intruded deep into the thickened crust of the SGT during the Orogenic collapse of the Pan-African highlands. Over a span of approximately 800-500 million years, the Munnar Granite within the Anamundi massif underwent burial before being exposed high above sea level due to a combination of faulting and unroofing processes.
Who was the first person to climb the Anamudi Peak (recorded)?
Although the first recorded ascent of Anamudi is attributed to General Douglas Hamilton of the Madras Army on 4th May 1862, there is a possibility that local people might have conquered the peak before this documented expedition.
Important Animals and Other Living Organisms in and around the Anamudi Peak
Anamudi and the surrounding Eravikulam National Park harbor the largest surviving population of the Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius). In addition to this majestic creature, the region is also home to an array of other fascinating animals, including Asian elephants, gaur, Bengal tigers, and the elusive Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii). The area around Anamudi peak boasts a unique ecosystem that supports various species, such as the recently discovered frog species Raorchestes resplendens, which is exclusively found within an area of less than three square kilometers on the summit of Anamudi.
As we ascend to the summit of Anamudi, we encounter a diverse range of vegetation, with patches of stunted Kuruna densifolia and Gaultheria fragrantissima (wintergreen), as well as Anaphalis sp., Impatiens, and various species of Eriocaulon adorning the landscape. This rich biodiversity showcases the importance of preserving the delicate balance of nature in this extraordinary region.
Adventure and Trekking Opportunities near Anamudi Peak
Anamudi presents an exhilarating trekking experience for adventure enthusiasts. The journey to the peak takes you through a captivating array of landscapes, providing ample opportunities to witness the dynamic beauty of nature. The most sought-after trekking trail commences from the renowned Eravikulam National Park, meandering through lush forests and grasslands that treat trekkers to awe-inspiring vistas throughout the expedition. Although the trek to Anamudi’s summit demands physical endurance, the ultimate reward is a breathtaking panoramic view that extends as far as the eye can behold.
Frequently Asked Questions on Alappuzha
Where is Anamudi located, and what makes it special?
Anamudi is situated in the Western Ghats and is known as the crown jewel of South India. It holds the title of being the highest peak on the Indian subcontinent outside the Himalayas, with an impressive elevation of 2,695 meters (8,842 feet). Anamudi has captivated adventurers, nature enthusiasts, and spiritual seekers with its breathtaking views, diverse flora and fauna, and rich cultural heritage.
What is the geological significance of Anamudi?
Anamudi is part of the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), specifically located within the Madurai Province. It comprises Neoproterozoic A-type granite known as Munnar Granite, which intruded deep into the thickened crust of the SGT during the Orogenic collapse of the Pan-African highlands. The mountain’s exposure above sea level is the result of faulting and unroofing processes over a span of approximately 800-500 million years.
Who was the first person to climb Anamudi Peak?
The first recorded ascent of Anamudi is credited to General Douglas Hamilton of the Madras Army on 4th May 1862. However, there is a possibility that local people might have climbed the peak before this recorded expedition.
What are some of the remarkable living organisms found around Anamudi?
Anamudi and the surrounding Eravikulam National Park are home to the largest surviving population of the Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius). The region also houses other fascinating creatures like Asian elephants, gaur, Bengal tigers, and the elusive Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii). Notably, a newly discovered frog species, Raorchestes resplendens, is found exclusively within a small area on the summit of Anamudi.
What trekking opportunities does Anamudi offer?
For adventure enthusiasts, Anamudi offers an exhilarating trekking experience. The journey to the peak takes trekkers through diverse landscapes, including lush forests and grasslands, with breathtaking vistas along the way. The trek requires physical endurance, but the reward is a panoramic view that stretches as far as the eye can see.
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